Criticaly review the popular opinion of prison life with those who Literature

Criticaly the prominent attitude of jail existence with the individuals who have been detained in the UK (subject criminology) - Literature audit Example This hypothesis additionally accentuates the significance of casualties and guilty parties meeting each other up close and personal, permitting them to voice their issues and encounters so as to in the end accomplish commonly bolstered goals. Remedial equity depends on different indigenous societies, societies which apply conventions identifying with otherworldliness and all encompassing mending (Sharpe, 1998). It likewise utilizes the non-retributive commitments identifying with hurt, upheld by different religions and societies. As a rule in this manner, penology dependent on this hypothesis tries to make sure about a harmony between the guilty party and outraged gathering (Cavadino and Dignan, 2006). Remedial equity in this manner incorporates the idea of discipline. Penology structures by society incorporate detainment, the installment of fines, and flogging as a methods for accomplishing the standards of helpful equity. Inside the idea of therapeutic equity consequently, the impr ession of society and of imprisoned people will be tied down, particularly as far as the genuine effect of detainment on detainees. (connect between therapeutic equity and discipline) In understanding therapeutic equity, be that as it may, it is essential to comprehend the criminal equity framework and its underlying applications in the UK society. Punitive strategy in the UK experienced different advances with an end goal to help the Church of England against protesters, for the most part by executing relinquishments, common arrangements, and common inabilities (Morrill, 1996). From the nineteenth century, noteworthy changes have been recognized in the criminal equity framework. During Queen Victoria’s rule, significant scholars like Edwin Chadwick considered the criminal wrongdoer as people having a place with the common laborers who would not like to enter a legit full day’s work, and who wanted to drink and be inert (Mantle, et.al., 2005). The mid-nineteenth century invited the term

Bureaucracy Assignment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Administration Assignment - Research Paper Example The improvement of science and innovation during the 1950s and 60s required an expanded in instruction subsidizing which later extended to training of poor people, minorities, ladies, the incapacitated and outside nationals. This prompted the section of a Public Law Act for the making of a Department of Education Organization in 1979. The fundamental needs of this division was to guarantee equivalent access to training for all, to improve the nature of instruction, include the two guardians and open in issues of training, increment government research and backing, improve coordination, the executives and productivity of bureaucratic instruction projects and increment the responsibility of such projects to the President. While the underlying motivation behind the division is being maintained till date, the expanding worldwide intensity has additionally expanded the need to set up the American understudies to confront this tested through cultivating astounding instructive chances to al l classes of individuals. The current Secretary of the US Department of Education is Arne Duncun. He was designated by the President-elect Barack Obama to be the secretary of instruction and the US Senate affirmed his situation on the Inauguration Day in 2009. The significant objective of the branch of training is to guarantee equivalent access to instruction for all and furthermore to improve the greatness of training all through the nation. The secretary in the Department of Education arranges, oversees and coordinates all the exercises inside the office notwithstanding playing out the job of the guideline counsel to the President in issues concerning government approaches, programs and other related occasions in the field of training. The secretary remains the Chief Operating Officer of the Department and is followed in progression by the representative and under Secretary, General Counsel and Chief Financial Officer. The Deputy Secretary in the Department of Education is answera ble for creating and actualizing instructive approaches and projects for the rudimentary and optional instructive projects, which includes giving a safe and medication free condition in schools, custom curriculum for understudies with handicaps and rehabilitative training for those originating from a socially extraordinary foundation and improvement of interventional training projects and changes. The Under Secretary is worried about postsecondary, higher and grown-up instructive approaches and projects, school helps and changes for the Presidential Pell Grant program. The secretary is bolstered by individuals who establish the quick office of the secretary. They are required to give coordinations backing and counsel to the secretary. The individuals incorporate the Chief of Staff, Deputy Chief of Staff for Strategy and Policy and Programs, Senior Advisor and White House Liaison. The quick office of the Secretary thusly coordinates the official administration staff who give manageri al and the board administrations, planning and advance staff who are worried about dealing with the day by day data needs of the workplace of the Secretary and coordinations, the official secretariat tracks all the correspondence between the workplaces of the Secretary, Deputy and Under Secretary, the White house activity in innate schools and college staff looks to guarantee the ancestral universities are conceded legitimate accreditation notwithstanding increasing government awards and top notch instruction for all, the International Affairs Office offers guidance on worldwide issues and activities that may influence the instructive polic

Pepsi Cola Brand Architecture

Pepsi Cola Brand Architecture Pepsi Cola Brand Architecture Home›Marketing Posts›Pepsi Cola Brand Architecture Marketing PostsPepsiCo’s brand portfolio is made by hundreds brands in nearly 200 countries around the globe. PepsiCo is involved in soft drink but also in other product such as snacks. The firm’s main brand is Pepsi-Cola, which is well known all over the world thanks to its long history of 100 years. The company owns other divisions such as Frito-Lay that are continuing to grow snacks all over the world. Tropicana Products is another division of PepsiCo which is committed to produce and market fruit juices. Quaker Brands are a wide range of healthy food choices whereas Gatorade is a division involved in sports nutrition research. It can be seen that PepsiCo’s brand portfolio includes plenty of brand but not all of them are related to soft drink (Bremner, 2006).Pepsi produces a range of food staffs which are a total of about 20 beverages with Pepsi-cola and 7Up being a amongst it highest selli ng brands in the United states common amongst persons of all ages. Gatorade is now a beverage brand which came about after the merge of PepsiCo and one of its competitors the name however still remained despite it being produced by a different company and also in this was Tropicana (Byrnes, 2010). The other division is that of the food and snacks such as Mirinda, Kurkure; Red Rock including a number of others all which are distributed all over the world.A sub brand can allow a master brand with too broad an appeal to access niche segments. For example, Pepsi with hit huge, broad brand basically hit a wall and needed to create sub brand around the Pepsi (John, et al. 1998). By this it means that Pepsi as a beverage grew from the competition from which it received and this prompted it to come up with new products to counter it.   Coming up with sub brands makes it easy to have more identity to the main by also having a huge range to pick from and increase purchase of its products (Bre mner, 2006).Examples of companies with strong brands that are wary of brand cannibalization are Coca-Cola and Pepsi Co. Besides being amongst the top brands, when venturing into other sectors of the business, they come up with new brands rather using the same names for all. This way, the business expands on an array of products by having a novel item at all times. Brand extension this is the way in which a company decides to adopt different market in a new category other than one that is used often and can be good for the creation of stability and worth of the company (Bremner, 2006). The above part shows ways in which in venturing other markets one does not take up the same name but is best to have a different name.The company’s branding systems has enabled the company to penetrate to different parts of the world (Keller, Aaker, 1992). The core similarity between Pepsi and Coca-Cola on branding lies on the companies’ deployment of hybrid system in marketing its products around the globe (The Editor, 2010). However, Pepsi employs unitary mode of brand architecture where marketing of its products reflects the company image through the established marketing techniques by the corporate (James, 2006). The fact that the company has managed to establish a brand system in various countries that it operates indicates its strength in creating a unified mode of operations identi9fied with the company. The promote establishment of a harmonizing organizational culture that reflects structure established in various institutions to propel sale and the entire company to greater heights.The hybrid system in the market is one that aims at venturing all markets and getting what is best in a competitive market. The marketing also involves marketing by having in their refrigerators only their respective brands of products and in this way maintain a healthy and competitive environment. Having as many distribution outlets as possible is enough to create a venture that is more suited to the customers’ convenience (Humperson, Quandt, 1980). This also includes the involvement of a strategic advertisement of using different celebrities in their advertisement as one way that can increasingly change the attitudes of the consumers the neck to neck competition will be more of the increased profits.

Responsibility in Religion Essay - 672 Words

All through my life I have lived according to the ways that I was advised and taught, by my parents, Sunday school teachers and most importantly my Bible, to know how to differentiate the right from the wrong. Through the good and the detestable the joys and the sorrows, I always managed to live through the mistakes I made. It then became intuitive for me to know when it was right to laugh or cry, or to feel happy or sad. The young woman, I am today is exactly who I want to be, with the addition of being more responsible, staying dedicated to my religion and choosing the right friends. Thus, I will change my future for the better. My future depends on me being responsible, which is an ample part of who I want to be when I†¦show more content†¦Not having the responsibility to remember to wear them is causing my teeth to move around and if they go back to how they were it’ll be a waste of money that was put in to straightening them. My responsibility in my future will a ffect how my bosses, instructors, and fellow workers think of me and how willing they will be to depend on me for important jobs. In addition I am going to have to be responsible in my religion. In order for me to be dedicated to my religion I will have to be sufficiently responsible to remember to read my Bible and to understand and learn the facts about my religion. My dedication to my religion is a gigantic part of my future. Dedication to my religion is very important to me especially when people try to shake my faith. My religion to me defines who I am now and who I want to become. It is true that my parents taught me what is right and wrong, but my religion also gave me the knowledge of many of my good qualities and the way for me to treat people. When a different religion came knocking at my door trying to show me that their religion was right and mine was wrong I disagreed with them, however I tolerated and respected their belief. No matter how hard people try to convince m e I will stay stern in my religion well convinced that I am in the right. Finally, I am going to have to be responsible enough to choose theShow MoreRelatedTrue Religion - Social and Corporate Responsibilites Essay965 Words   |  4 PagesEthics and Corporate Social Responsibility True Religion Apparel, Inc. Forbes Magazine listed True Religion Apparel, Inc. as #79 on its list of America’s Best Small Companies. The company was founded by Jeffery Lubell in 2002 where he started out selling his high-quality American made denim products out of a van in LA. The company now has expanded to six continents and boasts and impressing 439 million dollars (as of October 2012). I believe that True Religion Apparel, Inc. is one of America’sRead MoreAbraham Lincoln And The Civil War944 Words   |  4 Pagesthrough the religious languages (Magagna). It is religious politics that Lincoln showed and succeeded during the Civil War. 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However, to make for a result oriented care the government and family needs toRead MoreReligion in the Workplace Essay578 Words   |  3 PagesKelly Young SOC 120: Introduction to Ethics and Social Responsibility April 7, 2013 Week 3 Assignment Rough Draft Religion in the Workplace When one begins to talk about religion, everyone tends to be quite. Religion has and will always be a controversial subject to address. In society today with so many different religions available to practice one should not be attacked or treated differently for their religious beliefs when they enter the workforce. Under the First AmendmentRead MoreRelation Between Religion And Morality And The Perception Of Morality1588 Words   |  7 Pagesphilosophy, morality is the distinction of the things that are right from those that are not right by the virtue of the principles that guide the particular setting. Many places use religion as the guiding principle in the definition of morality. 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Ancient Egypt A Tomb For The Pharaohs Of The Old Kingdom

The Sphinx-†¨ The Sphinx was built as a tomb for the pharaohs of the Old Kingdom in Egypt. The mixed form, both animal and human, is significant, especially since they were normally just built as regular pyramids. It is an important symbol of Egyptian kingship and religion because pharaohs were expected to be a form of a god that is capable of living on earth in person form. The Nile River- The developing and prosperous culture that prolonged Egypt was supported on the yearly overspill of the river s floodwaters. The yearly increase and decrease of the Nile River’s water levels is directly responsible for the development of the Old Kingdom. The Nile served not only as a source of food, but of water. When it overflowed it provided them with rich silt that was perfect for agriculture, which provided them with a surplus of food. The Rosetta Stone/ Hieroglyphics- The Rosetta Stone was carved in 196 BCE and was found in 1799 by French soldiers who were rebuilding a fort in Egypt. 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Why choose Ancient Egypt when there are so many other civilisations around the same period of time? Ancient Egypt was different to any other culture or civilisation. They believed in many things that other didn’t believe in. Ancient Egypt had many beautiful views especially along the Nile. By going to Ancient Egypt, you will experience the different way of life. It would be an experience of a lifetime. Geography Ancient Egypt occupied the same amount of area as Modern Egypt

The Forbidden Game The Chase Chapter 7 Free Essays

string(42) " Today he was skipping school completely\." The headboard side-the figure was leaning over her from the headboard side. But there was a wall there. It was leaning out of the wall. We will write a custom essay sample on The Forbidden Game: The Chase Chapter 7 or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"Get away from me!† Shouting broke the spell. She vaulted off the bed, landing in a tangle of sheets in the middle of her room. She kicked the sheets free and was at the light switch by the door in one movement. Light filled the room, glowing off the ocher walls. There was no dark figure anywhere. Tacked over the bed between an African mask and a length of embroidered cloth from Syria was a poster. A poster of Bruce Lee. It was just where the figure had been. Dee approached it slowly, warily, ready for anything. She got close and looked at it. Just an ordinary poster. Bruce Lee’s image stared out blandly over her head. There was something almost smug about his expression†¦. Abruptly Dee reached out and ripped the poster off the wall, scattering pushpins. She crumpled it with both hands and threw it in the general direction of the wastebasket. Then she sat back against the headboard, breathing hard. Zach had been lying for hours, unable to get to sleep. Too many thoughts crowding his brain. Thoughts-and images. Him and Jenny as kids. Playing Indians in the cherry orchard. Playing pirates in the creek. Always playing something, lost in some imaginary world. Because imaginary worlds were better than the real thing. Safer, Zach had always thought. Zach breathed out hard. His eyes fluttered open-and he shouted. Suspended in the air above him was the head of a twelve-point buck. It was hanging inches from his nose, so close his dark-adjusted eyes could see it clearly. But he was paralyzed. He wanted to twist to the side, to get away from it, but his arms and legs wouldn’t obey. It was falling on him! His whole body gave a terrible jerk and adrenaline burst through him. His arm flung up to ward the thing off. His eyes shut, anticipating the blow. It never came. He dropped his arm, opened his eyes. Empty air above him. Zach struck out at it anyway. Only believing it was gone when his hand encountered no resistance. He got up and turned on the lights. He didn’t stay to look around the room, though. He went downstairs, to the den, flipping on the lights there. On the wood-paneled wall where his father’s trophies hung, the twelve-pointer rested in its usual place. Zach looked into its liquid-dark glass eyes. His gaze traveled over the splendid antlers, the shockingly delicate muzzle, the glossy brown neck. It was all real and solid. Too heavy to move, bolted to the wall. Which means maybe I’m losing my mind. Imagination gone completely wild. That would be a laugh, wouldn’t it, to get through the Game and then come home and lose my mind over nothing? Ha ha. The den was as still as a photograph around him. He wasn’t going to get any sleep tonight. Normally, he would have gone out to his darkroom in the garage and done some work. That was what he’d always done before when he couldn’t sleep. But that had been-before. Tonight he’d rather just stare at the ceiling. Nothing else was any use. â€Å"Hypnopompic hallucination,† Michael said to Dee the next morning. â€Å"That’s when you think you’ve woken up, but your mind is still dreaming, The dark figure in your room is a classic example. They even have a name for it-the Old Hag Syndrome. Because some people think it’s an old lady sitting on their chest, paralyzing them.† â€Å"Right,† Dee said. â€Å"Well, that’s what it must have been, then. Of course.† â€Å"Same with you, Zach,† Michael said, turning to look at him. â€Å"Only yours was hypnagogic hallucination-you thought you weren’t asleep yet, but your brain was in la-la land already.† Zach said nothing. â€Å"What about me?† Audrey said. â€Å"I was asleep-but when I woke up, my dream was true.† She touched polished fingernails to the back of her neck, just beneath the burnished copper French twist. â€Å"I was wet.† â€Å"Sweat,† Michael said succinctly. â€Å"I don’t sweat.† â€Å"Well, ladylike perspiration, then. It’s been hot.† Jenny looked around at the group on the knoll. They all sounded so calm and rational. But Michael’s grin was strained, and Zach was paler than ever. Dee’s nervous energy was like an electrical field. Audrey’s lips were pressed together. In spite of the brave words, they were all on edge. And where’s Tom? Jenny thought. He should be here. No matter what he thinks of me, he should be here for the sake of the others. What’s he doing? â€Å"I heard there was a body found up in the Santa Ana foothills,† Dee said. â€Å"A guy from this school.† â€Å"Gordon Wilson,† Audrey said, wrinkling her nose. â€Å"You know-that senior with the cowboy boots. People say he runs over cats.† â€Å"Well, he’s not going to run over any more. They think a mountain lion got him.† Tom had heard about the body yesterday afternoon, and his first irrational thought had been: Zach? Michael? But they had both been safe. And Jenny was safe at school today-although maybe school wasn’t so safe, either. Yesterday, she’d gotten herself sent home from computer applications after something -it was hard to figure out exactly what from the conflicting stories-had happened. A brief thought crossed his mind that he might call her and ask-but Tom had already chosen his course. He couldn’t change it now, and she probably wouldn’t want him to. He’d seen her in the car, that look when the song came on. Scared, yes, but with something underneath the scaredness. She’d never looked like that at him. It didn’t matter. He’d protect her anyway. But yesterday, knowing she was home for good, he’d taken the afternoon off and gone to the police station. He’d used charm on a female detective and learned exactly where the body had been found. Today he was skipping school completely. Teachers were going to start asking questions about that soon. So what? Tom found the dry creek bed. It wasn’t too far from the famous Bell Canyon Trail, where a six-year-old had been attacked by a mountain lion. The air was scented with sage. There was a crinkled yellow â€Å"crime scene† ribbon straggling along the creek bed and little flags of various colors planted in the ground. Tom scrambled down the slope and stood where tiny traces of a dark stain on the rocks still showed. He looked around. One place on the opposite bank had seen a lot of activity. Cactus had been broken, pineapple weed uprooted. There were footprints in the dirt. Tom followed the trail up to a slope covered with purple sage. Coastal live oak and spreading sycamores cast an inviting shade nearby. Tom studied the ground. After a moment he began to walk, slowly, toward the trees. He skirted brush. He came to three old sycamores growing so closely that their branches were entwined. The air was heavier here. It had a strange smell. Very faint, but disturbing. Feral. Like a predator. Sometimes there were huge patches of poison ivy under these old trees. Tom looked carefully, then stirred the brush underneath with his foot. The smell came stronger. Something heavy had lain here for quite some time. He turned and retraced his steps slowly. Then he saw it. On a dusty rock directly between the trees and the place where the creek bank was disturbed. A splatter of black like tar. A thick, viscous substance that looked as if it had bubbled at the edges. Tom’s breath hissed in, and he knelt, eyes narrowed. There was no sign that any of it had been scraped off. Either the police hadn’t seen it or they hadn’t cared. It clearly wasn’t the blood of anything on earth. It didn’t look like anything important. It was. It was very important. Tom took out a Swiss army knife and scraped some of the gunk up to examine it. It had an odd, musky smell, and spread very thin it was not black but red. Then he sat back on his heels and shut his eyes, trying to maintain the control he was famous for. By Thursday Jenny noticed that Zach had dark circles under his eyes and Dee was jumpier than ever. Michael’s face was blotchy, and one of Audrey’s nails actually looked bitten. They were all falling apart. Because of dreams. That was all they were. Nothing really happened at night, nothing hurt them. But the dreams were enough. Friday they were scheduled to go postering, but Jenny had to stop by the YMCA first, a few blocks from the Center. And it was there that something really did happen at last. Jenny had been waiting so long, searching for so long, that she ought to have been prepared. But when the time came, she found she wasn’t prepared at all. She was inside the Y, talking to Mrs. Birkenkamp, the swim coach. Jenny volunteered every Friday with the swim class for disabled kids. She loved it and hated to miss. â€Å"But I have to,† she said miserably. â€Å"And maybe next Friday, too. I should have told you before, but I forgot-â€Å" â€Å"Jenny, it’s okay. Are you okay?† Jenny lifted her eyes to the clear blue ones which looked at her steadily. There was something so wise about them-Jenny had the sudden impulse to throw herself into the woman’s arms and tell her everything. Mrs. Birkenkamp had been Jenny’s hero for years. She never gave up or lost faith. She’d taught a child without arms to swim. Maybe she would have an answer. But what could Jenny say? Nothing that an adult would believe. Besides, it was up to Jenny to do things for herself now. She couldn’t rely on Tom anymore; she had to stand on her own feet. â€Å"I’ll be fine,† she said unsteadily. â€Å"Tell all the kids hello-â€Å" That was when Cam came in. Dee was behind him. She had been waiting outside in her jeep. â€Å"He came over from the Center. He won’t talk to anybody but you,† she said. Cam said simply, â€Å"I found her.† Jenny gasped. She actually felt dizzy for an instant. Then she said, â€Å"Where?† â€Å"I got her address.† Cam thrust a hand into the pocket of his skin-tight jeans and pulled out a grimy slip of paper. â€Å"Right,† Jenny said. â€Å"Let’s go.† â€Å"Wait,† Mrs. Birkenkamp said. â€Å"Jenny, what’s all this about-â€Å" â€Å"It’s all right, Mrs. Birkenkamp,† Jenny said, whirling around and hugging the willowy coach. â€Å"Everything’s going to be all right now.† She really did feel that way. Cam directed them to the house. â€Å"Her name’s Angela Seecombe. Kimberly Hall’s big sister Jolie knows a guy who knows her. This is the street.† Filbert Street. East of Ramona Street, where P.C. lived, just south of Landana. Audrey and Jenny had been there, distributing flyers. But not inside this yellow two-story house with the paint-chipped black iron fence. Jenny couldn’t remember why they hadn’t been let in here, but they hadn’t. â€Å"You stay here,† she said. â€Å"I’ve got to do this myself. But, Cam-thank you.† She turned to look at him, this tough kid with dandelion-fluff hair whose life had changed because his sister had gone to a party. He shrugged, but his eyes met hers, grateful for the acknowledgment. â€Å"I wanted to.† No one answered the door of the yellow house. Jenny leaned on the bell. Still no answer. But faintly, from inside, came the sound of a TV set. Jenny glanced at the driveway. No car there. Maybe no adults home. She waved to Dee and Cam to stay in the car, then went around the side of the house. She unlatched the creaking iron gate and waded through thigh-deep foxtails to the back porch. She grasped the knob of the back door firmly, Then she cast a look heavenward, took a deep breath, and tried it. It was unlocked. Jenny stepped inside and followed the sound of the TV into a small family room. Sitting on a rust-colored couch was the Crying Girl. She jumped up in astonishment at the sight of Jenny, spilling popcorn from a microwave bag onto the carpet. Her long dark hair swung over her shoulders. Her haunted eyes were wide, and her mouth was open. â€Å"Don’t be afraid,† Jenny said. â€Å"I’m not going to hurt you. I told you before, I need to talk to you.† Hatred flashed through the girl’s face. â€Å"I don’t want to talk to you!† She darted to the telephone. â€Å"I’m calling the police-you’re trespassing.† â€Å"Go ahead and call them,† Jenny said with a calm she didn’t feel. â€Å"And I’ll tell them that you know things you haven’t told them about the morning P.C. disappeared. You saw P.C., didn’t you? You know where he went.† She was gambling. Angela had threatened to tell in the beginning; in the bathroom she’d said she could prove P.C. didn’t kill Summer. But she hadn’t told-which must mean she didn’t want to. Jenny was gambling that Angela would rather tell her than the police. The girl said nothing, her slim olive-tan hand resting on the phone limply. â€Å"Angela.† Jenny went to her as she had four days ago in the high school bathroom. She put her hands on the girl’s shoulders, gently this time. â€Å"You did see P.C., didn’t you? And you saw what he had with him. Angela, you’ve got to tell me. You don’t understand how important it is. If you don’t tell me, the thing that happened to P.C. could happen to other people.† The small bones under Jenny’s hands lifted as Angela heaved in a shaky breath. â€Å"I hate you____† â€Å"No, you don’t. You want something to hate because you hurt so much. I understand that. But I’m not your enemy, and I’m not a soshe or a prep or any of those things. I’m just another girl like you, trying to cope, trying to stop something bad from happening. And I hurt, too.† Dark, pensive eyes studied her face. â€Å"Oh, yeah?† â€Å"Yeah. Like hell. And if you don’t believe it, you’re not as smart as you look.† Jenny’s nose and eyes were stinging. â€Å"Listen, Summer Parker-Pearson was one of my best friends. I lost her. Now I’ve lost my boyfriend over this, too. I just don’t want anything worse to happen-which it will, if you don’t help me.† Angela’s eyes dropped, but not before Jenny saw the shimmer of tears. Jenny spoke softly. â€Å"If you know where P.C. went that morning, then you have to tell me now.† Angela shrugged off Jenny’s hands and turned away. Her entire body was tense for a moment, then it slumped. â€Å"I won’t tell you-but I’ll show you,† she said. â€Å"Jenny? Are you in there?† Dee’s voice, from the back door. As Dee appeared, narrow-eyed and moving like a jaguar, Jenny reached out quickly to Angela. â€Å"It’s okay. She’s my friend. You can show us both.† The girl hesitated, then nodded, giving in. To Jenny’s surprise, she didn’t head for the front door, but led them out back. Cam followed them through the foxtails. The backyard sloped down to dense brush; there was far more land here than Jenny had realized. Beside an overhanging clump of trees was a warped and leaning toolshed. â€Å"There,† Angela said. â€Å"That’s where P.C. went.† â€Å"Oh, no you don’t.† Jenny caught Dee in mid-lunge and held her back. â€Å"This isn’t the time to be yanking doors open. Remember the Game?† She herself was trembling with anxiety, triumph, and anticipation. Angela was fumbling with a large old-fashioned locket she had tucked into her tank top. â€Å"You need this to open it, anyway. I locked it again-afterward. It was our secret place, P.C.’s and mine. Nobody else wanted it.† Jenny took the key. â€Å"So you saw him go in that morning. And then †¦ ?† â€Å"Slug went in, too. P.C. climbed the porch and woke me up to get the key. That’s my bedroom.† She pointed to a second-story window above the porch roof. â€Å"Then he and Slug went down and unlocked the shed and went in. I could see everything from my room. I waited for them to come out-usually they just stashed stuff there and came out.† â€Å"But this time they didn’t.† â€Å"No†¦ so I waited and waited, then I got dressed. When I came down here, the door was still shut. So I opened it-but they weren’t inside.† She turned on Jenny suddenly, her dark eyes huge and brilliant with unshed tears. â€Å"They weren’t inside! And there aren’t any windows, and they didn’t go out the door. And the key was on the ground. P.C. would never leave the key on the ground; he always locked up and gave it back to me. Where did they go?† Jenny answered with a question. â€Å"There was something else on the ground, wasn’t there? Besides the key?† Angela nodded slowly. â€Å"A†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Jenny took a breath. â€Å"A paper house.† â€Å"Yeah. A baby thing. It wasn’t even new, it was kind of crumpled, and it was taped up with electrician’s tape from the shed. I don’t know why they took it. They usually took stuff like-† She broke off. Dee cut a glance at Jenny, amused at the admission. â€Å"It doesn’t matter,† Jenny said. â€Å"At least we know everything now. And it should still be inside if this place has been locked ever since that morning.† Angela nodded. â€Å"I didn’t touch anything, even though-well, I sort of wanted to look at the house. But I didn’t; I left it there on the floor. And nobody else has a key.† â€Å"Then let’s go get it,† Jenny said. Deep inside she was shaking. The paper house was here. They’d found it-and no wonder it had eluded them so long, sitting in a locked toolshed used by juvenile delinquents for hiding stolen goods. â€Å"Monster positions?† Dee suggested with a flash of white teeth. She was clearly enjoying this. â€Å"Right.† Jenny took up a position beside the door. Dee stood in front of it in a kung fu stance, ready to kick it shut. It was the way they’d learned to open doors in the paper house. â€Å"Stand back, Angela. You, too, Cam.† â€Å"Now.† Jenny turned the key, pulled the door open. Nothing frightening happened. A rectangle of sunlight fell into the dusty shed. Jenny blocked it off with her own shadow as she stepped into the doorway. Then she moved inside, and Dee blocked the light. â€Å"Come on in-I can’t see-â€Å" Then she did see-and her mind reeled. The blank white box was on the floor, open. Beside it was the paper house Jenny had described to the police. A Victorian house, three stories and a turret. Blue. Dee made a guttural sound. When Jenny had last seen the paper house, it had been crushed flat to fit in the box. It was different now. It had been straightened and reinforced with black tape. But that wasn’t what made Jenny’s head spin and her breath catch. That wasn’t what made her knees start to give way. The paper house was exploded. In shreds. Roof gone. Outer walls in tatters. Floors gutted. As if something very large had burst out from the inside. On the floor nearby, scratched impossibly deep into the concrete, was a mark. The rune Uruz. A letter from a magical alphabet, a spell to pierce the veil between the worlds. Jenny had seen it before on the inside of the box that had led them into the Shadow World. It was shaped like an angular and inverted U, with one stroke shorter than the other, Right now she was looking at it upside-down, so that it should have looked like a regular U. But this particular rune was very uneven, the short stroke very short. From where she was standing it looked almost like a squared-off. Like a signature. Even as Jenny turned toward Dee, she felt herself falling. â€Å"We’re too late,† she whispered. â€Å"He’s out.† â€Å"Okay,† Dee said, some minutes later, still holding her. â€Å"Okay, okay †¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"It’s not okay.† She saw Cam and Angela peering in the doorway, and her head cleared a bit. â€Å"You two get back.† They came forward. â€Å"Is that it? What you’ve been looking for?† Cam squatted by the ruined house, his eyes as large and blue as Summer’s. Light from the doorway made his dandelion hair glow at the edges. â€Å"What happened to it?† Angela’s dark eyes were huge-and despairing. â€Å"What happened to P.C.?† Jenny looked at the house. It was gutted, every floor shredded. Her eyes filled again and she swallowed. â€Å"I think he’s probably dead,† she said softly. â€Å"I’m sorry.† The sight of Angela’s misery cleared her head a little, brought her out of herself. â€Å"Are you going to tell the police? About P.C. and me and this place?† â€Å"The police,† Jenny said bleakly, â€Å"are useless. We’ve learned that. There’s nothing they can do. Maybe nothing anybody can do-† She stopped as an idea came to her. A desperate hope. â€Å"Angela, you said you didn’t touch anything here-but are you sure? You didn’t see anything on the floor, did you-like any jewelry?† Angela shook her head. Jenny searched for it anyway. It had been inside the box; maybe it had just rolled away. It wouldn’t make the police believe them, but it might just save her-if they could find it and destroy it-She looked in the opened box and all around on the concrete floor. She shook out the ruins of the paper house. But it wasn’t anywhere. The gold ring that Julian had put on her finger, the one she tried to throw away, was gone. How to cite The Forbidden Game: The Chase Chapter 7, Essay examples

E-mail Harassment free essay sample

A study of this offense, within the context of a case study. This paper covers the issues related to Internet abuse, sexual harassment and e-mail harassment in the work place based on a given case study. The case study illustrates abuse of the workplace environment and the trust accorded by employers and coworkers. The paper then turns to the controversial question of the right of the employer to monitor employee e-mails and Internet use and if so, the question of the extent to which this is allowed. When an employee enters the office environment he or she is essentially entering a place where he is being trusted to cater to the organizational culture. The salary received by the employee is not merely for services provided but rather the sense of loyalty and trust that he or she incites in the employers and the coworkers. In the same context, the employees within the organizational environment trust the management to keep them safe and expect their coworkers to maintain a stress free environment as far as possible. We will write a custom essay sample on E-mail Harassment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The policies created for the regulatory functioning of the work place are then presented so as to maintain certain decorum of trust within the organization. These policies then create the culture of the organization and work to create the reputation the organization has in terms of employees and customers for the most recent research suggests that a satisfied worker produces more turnover in terms of production and is thus, more motivated. Any interference in these policies would then directly interfere with employee motivation.

Two Scavengers and Nothings Changed Essay Example

Two Scavengers and Nothings Changed Essay Both Two Scavengers and Nothings Changed are protesting against issues of discrimination between different classes of society and different races. In Two Scavengers Ferlinghetti is protesting against the inequalities within a democracy, and how its not democratic but more ruled by class. In Nothings Changed we are shown Africa when the apartheid law was still in place and a protest about the way black people are treated there. The imagery used by both poets highlights there protests against the unfairness of society. Two Scavengers is set in San Francisco which is meant to be a democratic society however there is a small gulf in the high seas of this democracy. The use of this metaphor emphasizes how society is still ruled by class. Ferlinghetti says the gulf is small which indicates it should be easy to cross the over to a democratic society. However, paired with the high seas, it becomes hard to cross. It is dangerous to try and break out of the different classes and it is easier and almost safer to remain in the same kind of society. We will write a custom essay sample on Two Scavengers and Nothings Changed specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Two Scavengers and Nothings Changed specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Two Scavengers and Nothings Changed specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The use of the word democracy is sarcastic, there shouldnt be a gulf in a democracy, especially in a place like San Francisco that should keep everyone equal. Similarly there is an invisible divide in apartheid Africa, shown in Nothings Changed, where although No sign says it is they still know where they belong. Apartheid is over when the poem had been written, however, like in Two Scavengers there is still inequality between the two classes of people. The white people still believe that the black people dont belong there. It highlights the invisible divide between the two cultures. It is meant to be equal now however the black people realize that the white people dont want them and know where they belong. Afrika uses himself in first person to speak for the whole group using the word we. Hes speaking up for the black people and although they are angry at is they accept it. Even though its not a law anymore and there is no sign the divide between them is great. Furthermore Ferlinghetti uses a simile to compare one of the garbage men to a gargoyle Quasimodo. Quasimodo was an ugly character but had a very good heart. This shows that although today society is mostly ruled by appearances, inside some people there can be kindness and compassion. A gargoyle is used to scare away evil in churches. It shows that the man protects the city by keeping it clean. He may seem insignificant and Quasimodo like, but without him the cool couple wouldnt be living in a clean city. Likewise Afrika may be suggesting that the black people are like purple flowering, amiable weeds. Weeds always come back, and can only be removed by properly digging up the roots. This suggests that the black people have roots in Africa and refuse to be taken away. Since the weeds are amiable it suggests they are friendly. The juxtaposition of calling weeds amiable highlights that appearances can be deceiving and although the black people may be trodden on they will still come back stronger each time. In both poems, Ferlinghetti and Afrika use the materials plastic and linen to accentuate the difference between rich and poor. It again shows that although there should be no difference because of race and class it still exists. In Two Scavengers the garbage men are wearing red plastic blazers as opposed to the linen suit the man in the Mercedes is wearing. This links to Nothings Changed where the poorer working mans cafi has a plastic tables top, whereas in the white peoples cafi linen falls off the table. Plastic is a cheap material that is considered unattractive. However it is very hard to tear and break which shows that although society and race considers them to be poorer than everyone else, they are stronger than others. Linen is more associated with richer, well off people. It is malleable and can be shaped into almost anything. This suggests that the richer, higher people in society do what they can to fit in. They change themselves to fit what society demands. In both poems it shows that the richer people have a lot of linen, more than what they need. The man has a three-piece linen suit and in the cafi in Nothings changed excess linen falls from the table. This shows that although its not needed the well off people need to show that they can afford it, and that they are better off than other people. The poets both structure the poems in different ways to get through there protest against inequality in there society. Ferlinghetti has no punctuation throughout the poem except for the comma in the title. The comma could stress the separation between rich and poor and how different they are. The lack of punctuation could show that the cycle is never-ending, and even though the democracy is there it is not enforced and therefore will always dictate how society is. The poem is also laid out in a fragmented way suggesting the broken nature of society. The haphazard lines could also illustrate how fragile democracy is, and how easily it could collapse. With the last word of the poem being democracy it could also suggest that society is built on democracy yet along the way things have changed causing it to become easily collapsible. The lines also overlap but never touch which shows the social divide between both rich and poor. In Nothings Changed the title and the last line of the poem are the same. Throughout the poem Afrika is describing the way that although the apartheid law is no longer in place it still dictates the way society is run, showing that at the beginning of the poem nothings changed and then at the end still nothings changed. By using it as the title and the ending line of the poem it provides a visual image for the reader showing that things are still the same. Also in the middle of the poem there is the two line stanza, No sign says it is: but we know where we belong. It is almost separate from the rest of the poem which draws the readers attention to it. It could be that this is Afrikas main point of the poem so he deliberately draws our attention to it. Both poems show the injustice in the society they live in, and how although the divide was abolished it is still there, invisible but prominent. In Two Scavengers the only thing separating the cool couple from the garbage men is the jobs they do. Both the man in the Mercedes and the young garbageman wear sunglasses, are about the same age and have long, shoulder-length hair. They are both similar yet because of social class the garbage man is considered ugly. This makes us consider the fact that they arent interchangeable. One of them has money and the other doesnt and although that is only a little detail, in a society ruled by class is become a big one. In Nothings Changed the amiable weeds are being outgrown by the Port Jackson trees. They are both plants yet because the trees are better looking, and considered less troublesome they become better than the weeds, indicating the white people are better than the black people.

Information on Armadillidum vu essays

Information on Armadillidum vu essays Armadillidum vulgare or commonly know as pill bugs or roly-polys are dark gray, Â ¼ inch long humpbacked, oval isopod crustaceans. They look like they are covered in a segmented armor. Pill bugs are often misstated for sow bugs. They can be distinguished from sow bugs because pill bugs are able to roll themselves up into a ball when alarmed, and they lack the two prominent tail-like appendages (arrowexterminating.com/insects2.html#PB). Roly polys are found in damp, humid, and cool conditions. They are easily found in the seasons of autumn and spring. They are easily found around home in compost sites, or under shelter such as rocks, bark n and boards left in shady, moist conditions. Also they might be found fairly deep in damp soil litter under the cover of trees or bushes. Hot summer temperatures cause roly-polys to dig deeper into their shelter, so they are harder to locate. Also the cold winter temperatures cause them to def deeper into shelter (seds.org/nineplanets/nineplanets/venus.html). Lots of the behavioral responses of roly-polys are mostly with conservation of water and the need to avoid desiccation. Lots of roly-polys are terrestrial, but most other crustacea are aquatic. This means they dont have some of the in different terrestrial arthropods, like insects and spiders. Roly polys are more likely to loose water by diffusion faster than many other species, because they have a pretty high surface area to volume ratio. Water will diffuse through there exoskeleton faster than in other arthropods, because they lack a waxy, waterproof cuticle (seds.org/nineplanets/nineplanets/venus.html). Roly polys have pore openings to the outside of their bodies to allow gases to go in and out of their pseudo-lungs. This pore opening cannot be closed, so water is able to continuously diffuse from the inner surface of the psuedo-lung out of the body. The water lost has to be replaced...

Love and Morality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Love and Morality - Essay Example The story is based on two individuals who have different and separate lives but who have not experienced true love until they meet one another while on vacation in Yalta; this puts them in a state where they are obligated to choose between continuing their lives as they were before they met when they separate or find a means of exploring their love further, which leads to the development of an affair as both characters are married. It is through the decision to continue the affair that the story shows that true love cannot be ignored by those affected by it. The story brings to light the characteristic that true love is unexpected and cannot be planned ahead of time. This is seen in various parts of the story whereby neither Gurov nor Anna expect to fall so deeply for one another as shown in statements such as â€Å"A month or so would pass and the image of Anna Sergeyevna, it seemed to him, would become misty in his memory, and only from time to time he would dream of her with her touching smile as he dreamed of others† (146.) Gurov assumed that he would be able to easily forget the woman he met while on vacation once he got back to his normal routine but soon found out that this was not possible and to his surprise as time passed on he found he was still not able to stop thinking about Anna. This is seen in the statement, Both characters had gone to Yalta on vacation with no expectations of finding love but as a result of circumstantial meeting ended up finding an individual that they could see themselves spending their entire lives with. The correlation between love and morality also plays a part in the story as well; both Anna and Gustov married young and were in a relationship for a number of years before they met, but this fact does not stop them from falling in love. It is also seen that they are in fact not in love with their spouses when Chekhov states that

Organizational Terminology and Concepts Paper Essay

Organizational Terminology and Concepts Paper - Essay Example Organizations these days strive to inculcate a healthy organizational culture that is composed of a diverse workforce with fair treatment of employees, enthusiasm towards work, equal distribution of rewards on the basis of performance, equal opportunities, right policies and investment in development of employees (Ulrich, 1996). It would be correct to say that leadership of the organization has the most impact on an organization’s culture and the practices and norms flow from upwards. An honest leader who prefers fairness in all acts would produce honest diligent and friendly managers while a Machiavellian leader would produce the same crop of employees under him. Organizational Behavior Organizational behavior is the study of behavior or practices exhibited by employees in the organization, it simplifies the relationship between organization and the employee with emphasis on enhanced relationships between individuals, teams, departments and the whole organization ultimately c ontributing to the fulfillment of individual, departmental or organizational goals and objectives. Organizational behavior drives the organizational culture and is itself regulated by organizational values and policies. Based on the organizational behavior certain motivation techniques are designed within the organization sometimes based on rewards and sometimes on authority and power. The most known organizational behavior models prevalent in organizations today are autocratic, informal, supportive and collegial. While different organizations use different techniques and relationship models amongst its practices in workforce, it is a collective agreement that the field of organizational behavior is a collection of many fields including sociology, psychology, communication and management.  By applying certain methodologies and techniques from these fields professionals belonging to the field understand, predict and manage the human behavior in the organization (Ulrich, 2009). A su ccessful leader understands its workforce and the required motivators that drive and motivate them to do the best for the organization and achieve objectives with a smile on their face. Diversity: Every human being is a different person; certain similarities may exist but differences are inevitable, differences that may be visible or invisible. Most visible differentiating factors among the workforce are protected by the law, such factors are caste, race, physical condition, gender, religion or beliefs and age etc. Organizations these days give much importance to the invisible factors of a diverse workforce such as culture, background, working style, weight, height accent or language and others (Ulrich, 1996). A diverse workforce brings diverse experiences and ideas, with more opportunities to learn and grow. Successful organizations not only discourage discriminating acts of any kind but they consciously create a diverse workforce to achieve maximum efficiencies and innovative prac tices. Communication Communication is a two way process, in an organization communication holds much importance and it is the nature of

Lobbying Practices Of The Coca Cola Company

Lobbying Practices Of The Coca Cola Company Lobbying is a practice of influence the decision made by the government (in group or individual). Lobbyist is the people who work for the company to influence or convince the legislator or the law makers to make the decision in favor of the company. Currently 38 lobbyists at 7 different firms lobbying on behalf of Coca Cola Coca Cola being one of the top brand in the beverage industry was not one of the ethical companies in the industry. Coca Cola and its products have been criticized for various reasons such as health effects , unfair labor practices , high levels of pesticides in its products , environmental destruction and monopolistic business practices . There were many cases on Coca Cola for its unethical practices :- 1.The Bigio family The Bigio family who were currently living in Canada filed a law suit against Coca Cola on April 27 ,1997 in the United States . They claimed that Coke had purchased Bigio family property in Egypt which was illegally seized by the Egyptian Government in 1960s because they were Jewish. The Case was filed in US federal Court under the Alien Tort Statute which gives non US citizens the right to sue in US courts for alleged violations of international law. In 1994 the Bigios had warned coke not to go ahead with the acquisition of the Bigios property without compensating them but Coca Cola didnt listen to their warnings and went ahead with the deal and purchased the property without compensating the Bigios . Coke argued that the case should be dismissed as the court lacked jurisdiction and that the case had become old and that the claims made by the Bigios were baseless and that they had been removed from the property some 25years before. (Wikipedia ,2010) 2. Monopolistic Competition Pepsi Co had filed a case in the US accusing Coca Cola of monopolizing the market of fountain dispensed soft drinks in the US. In June 2005 , Coca Cola agreed to end all its deals with shops and bars in Europe to stock only Coca Cola products after the EU interfered and found Coke business practices to be stifled competition. In Nov 2005 Coca Colas Mexican unit and a number of cokes distributors and bottlers had been fined around $68 million for unfair commercial practices . 3. Trade Practices in Mexico Coca Cola had its second largest market in Mexico where they had a 70% stake in the market. At the time only Pepsi was their biggest rival but then a new brand name Big Cola entered the market with a cheaper price than Coke. By 2004 Big cola had acquired a 5% share in the market and was still growing. Big Cola grew and became popular because half of the Mexicans were poor and they preferred the cheaper Big Cola than Coca Cola so Coke had to lower its prices and change its pricing strategies in Mexico . On July 04 , 2005 Coca Cola and its bottlers were charged of violating the monopoly and anti competitive business practices as they were accused of threatening the small business owners to stop selling Big Cola. (Knol,2010) 4. Philippine unfair competition case Coca cola was accused of unfair competition and on Jan 21,2008 the Philippines National Bureau of Investigation raided three of cokes warehouses for illegally possessing imported bottles of a competitor RC cola . The makers of RC cola filed a complaint for unfair competition and Coca Cola released a statement saying that they respect competition and always have maintained a fair play policy . (Absolute Astronomy ,2010) 5. Channel Stuffing settlement On July 27,2008 , Coca cola had to pay $137.5 million to settle a shareholder lawsuit. Coca cola was accused of channel stuffing or artificial inflation of their results to give investors a false picture of the companies health in the market . They were forcing some bottlers to purchase unnecessary beverage concentrate to boost its sales and show higher sales to the investors. 6. Pesticide use in India Coca Colas products that were produced and distributed in the Indian market contained pesticides such as DDT , lindane ,malathion and chlorpyrifos which all contribute to cancer and a weaken the immune system of the human body. The centre of Science and Environment found that the drink produced in India by Coca cola contained 30 times the level of pesticide residues that were permitted by the EU. The Indian government formed a committee which was given the task of developing worlds first pesticide standards for soft drinks. Both the soft drink giants Pepsi and Coca Cola opposed the move and stated that the lab tests werent reliable enough to prove or detect traces of pesticide particles in the drinks. Coca cola responded to the acquisitions by stating that their plants filter water helps to remove all the contaminants and that all their products meet the minimum health standards before they are distributed in the market. During this period Coca Cola had a drop of 11% in their sales . 7. Water Use Coke was accused of draining the underground water table in India and releasing industrial wastes . It was estimated that Coke used 15 million liters of ground water everyday for product and bottling operations and using 65 wells thus depleting the underground water levels. Studies found out that the contaminated water contained heavy metals such as lead and cadmium. When farmers refused to accept the wastes coke allegedly dumped the wastes in their farms in the middle of the night. Coca cola was also accused of consuming so many gallons of water that it created sever water shortages and destroying the soil of the neighboring farms . The Coca Cola plant used 9,00,000 liters of water last year and the water which was to be used by all users was being used up by Coca cola alone. (Knol,2010) 8. Columbia Controversy In 2001 Coca colas bottling companies had been linked to many controversies. These included the murder of eight union leaders. Violence, abductions and torturing of the union members were a common practice in Colombia. It is said that these practices took place under the knowledge and directions of the bottling companies who had hired paramilitary forces. In order to remove the permanent union workers the union offices were burned down and the union workers and their family were threatened. This was done so that cheap contract workers could me brought in place of the permanent union workers. In 2004 a fact-finding delegation from New York was sent to Columbia to inquire about the above controversies. The delegation found that there were 179 major human rights violations. The companys managers did not take any interest in investigating the complaints of the workers that led to the conclusion that human rights were overlooked and that their labors were under threat by the company. 9. Guatemala Controversy As the Columbia bottling franchises even in Guatemala there were controversies with the bottling plant. Union members were murdered which done under the knowledge of the bottling plants managers. These murders led to the cancellation of the bottling plants license in 1981. Many complaints were lodged against the company. The court case against the company is still going on Guatemala. 10. Israel and the Middle East Controversy Coca cola has had its bit of bad times in the Middle East. The company first came into news when the company tried to open up a franchise in Israel in 1949 but they were not given the permission to do so. Coca cola was tensed that it would not be allowed to sell its product in the Middle East so they decided not to sell its products in Israel. Coca cola was accused of doing business with Israel in 1961. An Egyptian civil servant made these accusations. He did so because he mistakenly took the Amharic writing as Hebrew, which was written, on the coca cola bottle. After the accusations the manager of the company said to the press that coca cola would never do business with Israel. According to coca cola Israel was a very small market for coca colas operation. Five years later coca cola again came into the lime light for the wrong reasons. In 1966 a Tel Aviv businessman criticized the company of boycotting Israel from its operational market just to sell its products in the Arab market. The anti defamation league which is situated in the United States took up the matter. Coca cola was questioned for not operating in Israel. It was also said that if Israel was a small market to operate then why was coca cola operating in Cyprus, which was one-tenth the size of Israel. This created some serious pressure on coca cola to open a franchise in Israel or else facing a boycott of their products in the American market. These questions forced the company to open a bottling plant in Tel Aviv. This move hampered its growth in the Middle East as coca cola was boycotted from 1968 to 1991 due to the economic boycott of Israel. In 2000 the coca cola label created controversies, which was created in 1886. According to reports the label contained hidden anti-Islamic phrases in the mirror image in Arabic. Worst hit by the rumors was Egypt. Sales in the Egypt market fell to 10 to 15 % since 2000. The rumor was so widespread that the grand mufti of Egypt said that the label does not show anything against the Muslims or Islam and he also stated that he himself haves a coca cola drink almost daily. In 2002 Mecca cola was launched in order to avoid the usage of American goods. Mecca cola was introduced by a French Tunisian as a substitute for coca cola.(Wikipedia,2010) Boycotts and Other Allegations In Support of the allegations against coca-cola, they faced numerous boycotts. From 2005 Over 23 American universities including NYU and University of Michigan banned the sale of coca cola products on their campus and this boycott still continues. Other universities in Canada and Britain are following the footsteps of the American universities by switching over to Pepsi in all their social functions. Not majorly for health reasons but in response to the bottling plant deaths. Coca cola still did not respond to these boycotts and continued refuse investigation into the bottling plant death case. A few other major boycotts that coca-cola faced were such as its products being banned from the 2006 Winter Olympics. In 2004 Its products were also boycotted by various trade unions in the EU, such as UNISON (the largest), ECSOY (European young socialists) and so on. From 1998 another major allegation faced by coca-cola was racial discrimination in America and Africa. Coca-cola was first accused of racial discrimination against the African-American in matters such unequal pay, representation in the company and even promotion within the company. To add to this in Africa Coca-cola was also charged of having a policy of Whites only management staff. To all this Coca-cola first denied all allegations but later on in 2000 they agreed to pay $192 million to settle their case in America. They also agreed to promote a fairness policy in all aspects of their business but in 2003, it was found that no such policy had been implemented. But later in 2004 they did and were forced to put up management practices and be one of the 10 most diverse companies. As mentioned above In 2005 the EU found Coca-cola for carrying out monopolistic acts such as having exclusive deals with Bars and restaurants to exclusively sell only Coca-cola products for which these places got a fixed amount of money every year and fringe benefits such as fridges to store these products. Coca-cola was then fined and had to end all such deals and act in a competitive manner. A similar case in America in 2000 was dropped against coca-cola. Coca Colas Response To address major allegations against Coca-cola which had yet to be solved such as the bottling plant deaths in Columbia or the Pesticide/Water use in India. Coca cola came up with a response by launching a website WWW.COKEFACTS.ORG . On this website Coca-Cola claimed that all allegations against them in Columbia were false and that they did not engage in such activities. They urged a further investigation into the matter by the Columbian Attorney General, a respected independent third party investigation and their own internal investigation and the Columbian Vice President.   None of the above found Coca-Cola guilty of any wrongdoing. They rather claimed the firm did more good for the country, its economy and its community by creating jobs, generating income and overall improving the standard of living. In regards to India, Coca-cola claims that an official study showed that they did not deplete the water level. They also accused the investigators of having an unreliable report on pesticide use, They claim that all their raw materials are tested before the final product being produced. Conclusion Therefore to conclude this report on ethical business culture and trade practices of Coca Cola, some basic elements that can be adopted by Coca Cola are like Develop worldwide code of ethics, by these we mean that the statement given by the companys business culture is not true and the company should come up with a proper solution to this problems and should not tolerate any human rights infractions in any of its plants, or by any of its subsidiaries. Consider ethical issues in strategic development, while making the strategic the company should consider ethical issue and develop its strategy according to it. Develop periodical ethical impact statements, when they are promoting any of its product they should make an ethical statement with it as it will help them to improve the companys image in the minds of consumer.

Cold War Ethical Reflection

Reflection of the Cold War The Cold War, from 1945 to 1991, is one of the most important periods of time that has greatly influenced and shaped the modern world. It was not just a battle between two super powers, the USA and the Soviet Union, but also a clash of two really popular ideologies during that time. There was the American claim of fighting for freedom and democracy and the Soviet claims of fighting for the interests of the workers and the common people.Now in theory, these ideologies seemed ethical, but throughout this period, both countries’ actions severely opposed the ideologies they represented on numerous occasions. Some say it all came down to a competition of achieving the most power and influence and just using what they’re supposed to represent as a disguise to hide the true intention of their actions. Now this is partly true and in this reflection I will explain the cynicism caused by both superpowers and decide which one actually represented a great er evil. Let’s start with Soviet Union.They were communist and actually held true to these values inside their own country but did use brutal force to destroy anyone who opposed their totalitarian rule and this often led to many deaths. Even though life under Soviet Union had its ups and downs, it is the actions that they did in other countries which really gave them a negative image especially in the west, throughout most of the cold war. One of the first atrocious acts they committed was the Berlin Blockade which was an attempt to exercise their power over East Berlin.They blocked the country from receiving necessary supplies and instead of helping the workers and installing communism, they were oppressing them and this was a major event that deteriorated their image, and they even did this again with the construction of the Berlin Wall. The same thing happened in Czechoslovakia. Although they were supporting Communism in the country, they were not representing the interest s of the common people.Most wanted freedom but the Soviets just rolled in their tanks to stop this from happening, first in 1948 by arranging a coup to put the unpopular communist party in power, and then they rolled in the tanks again in the Prague Spring but this time were unsuccessful in stopping the uprising. The Soviets had a habit of undermining eastern European countries through force and keeping them in the Iron Curtain which later led to popular distaste of their regime like in the Polish solidarity Movement.But you could argue that they even though they used brute force to install communism, they were in general, supporting their ideologies. Also whenever there was a communist uprising in any foreign country, they would almost always support it either politically, or by supplying arms and finance. They did this for ideological reasons usually because part of the Marxist theory is that communism is inevitable, so it was their duty to help a communist regime in trouble.They did exactly this by supporting the communist party in the Greek Civil War who were being violently oppressed by the other side (Irony) and there actually was a big social class division in Greece at the time and many people wanted communism as a solution so the soviets justly supported the movement even though it failed. They did this again in the Korean War, and the first Indo China War whose situations were pretty similar. But their greatest success was in the Chinese Civil War and when the Communists won, it drastically strengthened Soviet Russia’s Ideologies.Now let’s talk about USA. They stood for freedom and democracy and were really against the communist ideology. But throughout most of the cold war, it is impossible to depict USA as a good influence. The Marshal Plan although was one of the greatest actions USA had taken and they gave about 13 million dollars in aid to the war devastated countries in order to help them rebuild. Some might argue that they only d id this to improve their trade business with these countries and to help form NATO in order to compete with the Soviets and this is partially true.Other things they did which showed they actually stood up for democracy was supporting the democratic revolutions in the Korean War, Polish Solidarity Movement, and the Velvet Revolution. They not only did they do this for freedom, but also to stop the authoritarian spread of Communism which they deemed highly undemocratic and even propagandized it as evil especially during the Berlin Airlift which is one of the most famous benevolent event that the USA orchestrated. But those were the only freedom fighting they took. Everything else they did was highly undemocratic.USA has a tendency to overthrow foreign government if they don’t please their interests. Their first major anti-freedom action was overthrowing the democratically elected government of Iran simply because the new leader decided to nationalize the oil for benefit of the Iranian People. Then they did the exact same thing in Guatemala because the interests of their fruit companies were in danger. All of these overthrows were done through US backed coups and the School of America played a key role in this, especially in Latin America.This Superpower has caused so much devastation in Latin America through that school that it was unbelievable. They would train agents in that school to do the most brutal actions necessary to â€Å"stop communism†. The US backed coups in Chile, Argentina, and Brazil, along with supporting the PRI in Mexico brought years of terror in those countries that still affect them today. All of this happened only because the elected leaders had some socialist tendencies and that was all the excuse USA needed. So much for freedom and democracy.They even illegally and secretly invaded Cuba (tried to) and Grenada and brought more horror to those places especially to Grenada whose economy was completely destroyed for a while. Th ey used massive propaganda justify all their illegal actions especially in Vietnam which was their biggest mistake. Three million Vietnamese (mostly Civilians) died in this pointless war to stop the spread of Communism. They were so many opportunities to negotiate a peace treaty but this Superpower was too intent on dragging it on for twenty years.So many innocents were slaughtered especially during the Cambodian Genocide which was also caused by USA that lies about this war reached American citizens who then protested to stop the war, especially after the coverage of the My Lai Massacre where US soldiers killed over 300 innocent men, women, and children. The country was so anti-communist at one point that the freedom of expression of the people was destroyed during the McCarthy witch-hunt. Anyone who was associated with communism or had communist tendencies was unjustly prosecuted and this lasted for a whole six years from 1950 to 1956.It was of the greatest tragedies In US history because it greatly destroyed the image of freedom usually associated with the country. The feeling of cynicism towards both Superpowers was definitely justified because both had committed multiple atrocious acts during the cold war, but USA is still definitely in my opinion the greater of the two evils. Even thought the Soviet Union was brutally authoritarian in many cases, they still stayed true in general in their claims about supporting communism and never once did anything anti-communist.They supported multiple communist struggles across the world economically and militarily, some of these actions were morally justified and others weren’t. The USA on the other hand had overthrown so many democratically elected governments for the most unethical reasons ever that it is hard for me to associate freedom with USA. The Soviets at least kept true to their claims (brutal as they were) but the same cannot be said for the other Superpower. They did considerably a so many undemocr atic and anti-freedom actions which massively deteriorated their claims in my opinion.They only positively influenced Europe but devastated the rest of the world especially Latin America who were pretty much set back a couple of decades thanks to USA’s actions. This country was involved in multiple illegal conflicts that opposed their claims and led to the senseless deaths of millions of people around the world and many more were negatively affected by these actions, especially economically. As much devastation both countries caused to the world, USA defiantly represented a greater evil in the cold war. By: Afzal Manzoor

New Strongly Robust DWT Based Watermarking Algorithm Computer Science Essay

Abstract- In this paper we have presented two watermarking algorithms. First one is a new strongly robust strategy for right of first publication protection. This strategy is based on ‘Discrete Wavelet Transform ‘ , by implanting scrambled water line in HL subband at degree 3. Direct burdening factor is used in water line embedding and extraction procedure. This scheme consequences in exact recovery of water line with standard database images of size 512Ãâ€"512, giving Correlation Factor peers to 1. The Correlation Factor for different onslaughts like Noise add-on, Filtering, Rotation and Compression ranges from 0.90 to 0.95. The PSNR with burdening factor 0.02 is up to 48.53 dubnium. This is nonblind and embeds binary water line of 64Ãâ€"64 size. The 2nd technique is traditional method of watermarking. We besides tried to compare advanced strategy of first type with traditional method and recommended our advanced strategy. Keywords-DWT, Scrambling, Arnold Transform, Copyright.IntroductionIt has become a day-to-day demand to make transcript, transmit and distribute digital informations as a portion of widespread usage of multimedia engineering in cyberspace epoch. Hence right of first publication protection has become indispensable to avoid unauthorised reproduction job. Digital image watermarking provides right of first publication protection to image by concealing appropriate information in original image to declare rightful ownership [ 1 ] . Robustness, Perceptual transparence, capacity and Blind watermarking are four indispensable factors to find quality of watermarking strategy [ 4 ] [ 5 ] . Watermarking algorithms are loosely categorized as Spatial Domain Watermarking and Transformed domain watermarking. In spacial sphere, water line is embedded by straight modifying pel values of screen image. Least Significant Bit interpolation is illustration of spacial sphere watermarking. In Transform sphere, water line is inserted into transformed coefficients of image giving more information concealment capacity and more hardiness against watermarking onslaughts because information can be spread out to full image [ 1 ] . Watermarking utilizing Discrete Wavelet Transform, Discrete Cosine Transform, CDMA based Spread Spectrum Watermarking are illustrations of Transform Domain Watermarking. The remainder of the paper is organized as follows: Section II focuses on study of bing digital image watermarking algorithms. Section III focuses on importance of Discrete Wavelet Transform. In subdivision IV, we have presented two watermarking strategies: In first strategy a new strongly robust DWT based algorithm is presented and 2nd strategy is traditional technique. Section V shows Experimental consequences after execution and Testing for both strategies. In subdivision VI, we have concluded and urge our foremost DWT based strategy.SurveyIn traditional watermarking attack some LSB based every bit good as watermarking methods with pseudo random generator are proposed [ 3 ] . In transform sphere methods, watermarking utilizing CWT, merely DWT, merely DCT or combined attack of DWT-DCT are proposed. In CWT, Calculating ripple coefficients at every possible graduated table is immense sum of work, and it generates a batch of informations. There is extremely excess information every bit per as the Reconstruction of the signal is concerned. Due to the attractive characteristics of Discrete Wavelet Transform, researches have been focused on DWT [ 15 ] . Wang Hongjun, Li Na have proposed a DWT based method [ 14 ] in which water line was embedded in in-between frequence coefficient utilizing I ± as flexing factor with I ± =I? |m| , where m is average value of all coefficients watermarking embedded. But this method does n't supply adequate security. The method proposed in [ 14 ] utilizing DWT was extended in [ 15 ] to heighten security of algorithm by utilizing Arnold ‘s Tran sform pretreatment for water line. But this method can be extended to better PSNR and security degrees. As given in [ 16 ] , two stage water line implanting procedure was carried out utilizing DWT. Phase 1: Visible water line logo embedding, Phase 2: Feature extracted water line logo implanting. The algorithm was based on Texture Based Watermarking. A Integer Wavelet Transform with Bit Plane complexness Segmentation is used with more informations concealment capacity. [ 2 ] . But this method needs separate processing for R, G and B constituents of colour image. As given in [ 17 ] utilizing DWT, host image is decomposed into 3 degrees recursively. In flat one we get 4 sub sets. In degree 2, each subband of degree 1 is divided to 4 bomber sets to give entire 16 bomber sets. Finally, each subband of degree 2 is once more divided into 4 sub sets each to give entire 64 bomber sets. Then ‘ Generic algorithm ‘ was applied to happen the best subband for water line implanting to supply perceptual transparence and hardiness. But the procedure is excessively drawn-out and clip consuming. The common job with DCT watermarking is block based grading of water line image alterations scaling factors block by block and consequences in ocular discontinuity. [ 1 ] [ 6 ] . As given in [ 13 ] , J. Cox et. Al had presented ‘Spread spectrum based watermarking strategies ‘ , Chris Shoemaker has developed.DISCRETE WAVELET TRANSFORMDWT has become research workers focus for watermarking as DWT is really similar to theoretical theoretical account of Human Visual System ( HVS ) . ISO has developed and generalized still image compaction criterion JPEG2000 which substitutes DWT for DCT. DWT offers mutiresolution representation of a image and DWT gives perfect Reconstruction of decomposed image. Discrete ripple can be represented as ( 1 ) For dyadic ripples a0 =2 and b0 =1, Hence we have, J, K ( 2 ) Image itself is considered as two dimensional signal. When image is passed through series of low base on balls and high base on balls filters, DWT decomposes the image into sub sets of different declarations [ 11 ] [ 12 ] . Decompositions can be done at different DWT degrees. Fig 1: Three Level Image Decomposition At degree 1, DWT decomposes image into four nonoverlapping multiresolution bomber sets: LLx ( Approximate sub set ) , HLx ( Horizontal subband ) , LHx ( Vertical subband ) and HHx ( Diagonal Subband ) . Here, LLx is low frequence constituent whereas HLx, LHx and HHx are high frequence ( item ) constituents [ 7 ] [ 8 ] [ 9 ] .To obtain following coarser graduated table of ripple coefficients after degree 1, the subband LL1 is further processed until concluding N graduated table reached. When N is reached, we have 3N+1 subbands with LLx ( Approximate Components. ) and HLx, LHx, HHx ( Detail constituents ) where ten scopes from 1 to N. Three degree image decomposition is shown in Fig:1. Implanting water line in low frequence coefficients can increase hardiness significantly but maximal energy of most of the natural images is concentrated in approximate ( LLx ) subband. Hence alteration in this low frequence subband will do terrible and unacceptable image debasement. Hence water line is non be embedded in LLx subband. The good countries for water line embedding are high frequence subbands ( HLx, LHx and HHx ) , because human bare eyes are non sensitive to these subbands. They yield effectual watermarking without being perceived by human eyes. But HHx subband includes borders and textures of the image. Hence HHx is besides excluded. Most of the watermarking algorithms have been failed to accomplish perceptual transparence and hardiness at the same time because these two demands are conflicting to each other. The remainder options are HLx and LHx. But Human Visual System ( HVS ) is more sensitive in horizontal than perpendicular. Hence Watermarking done in HLxOUR WATERMARKING METHODOLOGIESScheme-1This strategy is betterment of algorithm presented in 2008 by Na Li et. Al, given in [ 15 ] utilizing Discrete Wavelet Transform with Arnold Transform. The betterment is made in following facets: The security degree is increased by presenting â€Å" PN Sequence ‘ depe nding on Arnold cyclicity and depending on threshold value absolute difference of Arnold Transformed-Watermark-images is embedded. Alternatively of ciphering flexing factor related to intend value of coefficients of water line image, here straight appropriate weighting factor is selected. The Image decomposition is done with ‘Haar ‘ which is simple, symmetric and extraneous ripple. Watermark Scrambling: Watermark Scrambling is carried out through many stairss to better security degrees. Different methods can be used for image scrambling such as Fass Curve, Gray Code, Arnold Transform, Magic square etc. Here Arnold Transform is used. The particular belongings of Arnold Transform is that image comes to it ‘s original province after certain figure of loops. These ‘number of loops ‘ are called ‘Arnold Period ‘ or ‘Periodicity of Arnold Transform ‘ . The Arnold Transform of image is ( 3 ) Where, ( x, y ) = { 0,1, †¦ ..N } are pixel co-ordinates from original image. ( , ) : corresponding consequences after Arnold Transform. Cyclicity of Arnold Transform: The cyclicity of Arnold Transform ( P ) , is dependent on size of given image. From equation: 3 we have, ( 4 ) ( 5 ) If ( mod ( , N ) ==1 & A ; & A ; mod ( , N ) ==1 ) so P=N ( 6 ) Implanting Algorithm: Measure 1: Decompose the screen image utilizing simple ‘Haar ‘ Wavelet into four nonoverlapping multiresolution coefficient sets: LL1, HL1, LH1 and HH1. Measure 2: Perform 2nd degree DWT on LL1 to give 4 coefficients: LL2, HL2, LH2 and HH2. Measure 3: Repeat decomposition for LL2 to give following degree constituents: LL3, HL3, LH3 and HH3 as shown in fig 1. Measure 4: Find Arnold cyclicity ‘P ‘ of water line utilizing equation 6. Measure 5: Determine ‘KEY ‘ where. Then bring forth PN Sequence depending on ‘KEY ‘ and happen the amount of random sequence say SUM. Measure 6: If SUM & gt ; T where, T is some predefined Threshold value, so happen two scrambled images using Arnold Transform with KEY1 and KEY2, where, ,, .Now, Take absolute difference of two scrambled images to give ‘Final Scrambled image ‘ . Measure 7: If SUM & lt ; T, so use Arnold Transform straight to watermark image with ‘KEY ‘ to acquire ‘Final Scrambled image ‘ . Measure 8: Add ‘Final Scrambled image ‘ to HL3 coefficients of screen image as follows: ( 7 ) Where, K1 is burdening factor, New_HL3 ( I, J ) is freshly calculated coefficients of level3, Watermark ( I, J ) is ‘Final Scrambled image ‘ . Measure 9: Take IDWT at Level3, Level2 and Level1 consecutive to acquire ‘Watermarked Image. Extraction Algorithm: The proposed method is nonblind. Hence the original image is required for extraction procedure. The simple algorithmic stairss are applied are given below. Measure 1: Decompose Cover image utilizing ‘Haar ‘ ripple up to 3 degrees to acquire HL3 Coefficients. Measure 2: Decompose ‘Watermarked Image ‘ utilizing ‘Haar ‘ ripple up to 3 degrees to acquire HL3 ‘ . Measure 3: Apply Extraction expression as follows: ( 8 ) If Otherwise Measure 4: Perform ‘Image Scrambling ‘ utilizing ‘Arnold Transform ‘ with ‘ KEY ‘ that we had used in implanting procedure to retrieve the Watermark. Figure: 2 Watermark Embedding Figure: 3 Watermark ExtractionScheme-2This spacial sphere, watermarking is traditional strategy of watermarking. Here water line is embedded by straight modifying pel values of screen image as given below. Watermark Embedding Measure 1. Read grey scale Cover Image and Watermark. Step2.Consider double star of pel values of Cover Image and do it ‘s n Least Significant Bits 0 e.g. For n=4, Binary of 143= & gt ; 10001111 and Making 4 LSB 0 = & gt ; 10000000= & gt ; 128 is denary equivalent. Measure: 3 Consider double star of pel values of Watermark and right displacement by K spots where k=8-n. For n=4, K will be 4. Binary of 36= & gt ; 100100 and after right displacement by 4: 000010= & gt ; 2 is denary equivalent Measure 4: Add consequence of measure 1 and step 2 to give watermarked image. E.g. Add 128+2= & gt ; 130. This gives pixel value of watermarked image= & gt ; 10000010 Figure: 4 Pixel of Cover image ( Original Image ) , Watermark, Watermarked Image and Extracted Watermark Watermark Extraction: Take pels of watermarked Image and left displacement by K spots where k=8-n. e.g. Left displacement by 4= & gt ; 00100000 = & gt ; 32. This gives pels of Extracted Watermark. The sample values of Pixel of Cover image, Watermark, Watermarked_Image and Extracted Watermark are shown in fig.4.EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AFTER IMPLEMENTATION AND TESTINGConsequences of Scheme- 1: The undertaking is implemented in Matlab and standard database images with 512Ãâ€"512 sizes as screen image and 64Ãâ€"64 size binary water line images are used for proving. The public presentation Evaluation is done by two public presentation rating prosodies: Perceptual transparence and Robustness. Perceptual transparence means sensed quality of image should non be destroyed by presence of water line. The quality of watermarked image is measured by PSNR. Bigger is PSNR, better is quality of watermarked image. PSNR for image with size M x N is given by: ( 9 ) Where, degree Fahrenheit ( one, J ) is pixel grey values of original image. degree Fahrenheit ‘ ( I, J ) is pixel grey values of watermarked image. MaxI is the maximal pixel value of image which is equal to 255 for grey graduated table image where pels are represented with 8 spots. Robustness is step of unsusceptibility of water line against efforts to take or destruct it by image alteration and use like compaction, filtering, rotary motion, grading, hit onslaughts, resizing, cropping etc. It is measured in footings of correlativity factor. The correlativity factor measures the similarity and difference between original ‘watermark and extracted water line. It ‘ value is by and large 0 to 1. Ideally it should be 1 but the value 0.75 is acceptable. Robustness is given by: ( 10 ) Where, N is figure of pels in water line, wi is original water line, Wisconsin ‘ is extracted water line. Fig 5 ( a ) Cover Image ( B ) Watermarked Image ( degree Celsius ) Recovered Watermark Here, we are acquiring PSNR 48.53 dubnium and =1, for burdening factor K1=0.02. The PSNR and for ‘standard database images ‘ with coeresponding trial image and recovered water lines are shown in Table 1. The grey scale ‘lena ‘ image is tested for assorted onslaughts given in Table 2. Here, we are acquiring within scope of 0.90-0.95 for assorted onslaughts. This shows that ‘watermark recovery ‘ is satisfactory under different onslaughts. Table 1: Experimental consequences for standard database images with size 512Ãâ€"512 Table 2: Experimental consequences for assorted onslaughts with K1=0.07, ‘Lena ‘ image, size 512Ãâ€"512 Consequences of Scheme- 2: This algorithm has simple execution logic. We have tested with PSNR less than 23 for different onslaughts as shown in figure 6. Figure: 6: Experimental consequences with PSNR for Noise Attacks with assorted strengths.CONCLUSION.First strategy presented here is a new strongly robust ‘Digital Image Watermarking ‘ with increased security degrees and bring forthing exact recovery of original water line for standard image database, giving correlativity factor peers to 1 and PSNR up to 48.53 dubnium. Experimental consequences have demonstrated that, this technique is really effectual back uping more security. As per ISO ‘s norms, the still Image Compression criterion JPEG2000 has replaced Discrete Cosine Transform by Discrete Wavelet Transform. This is the ground why more research workers are concentrating on DWT, which we have used for execution. The presented ‘Digital Image Watermarking ‘ methodological analysis can be extended for ‘color images and pictures ‘ for hallmark and right of first publication protection. Hence we are strongly urging our DWT based strategy which is presented here.RecognitionWe are grateful to BCUD, Un iversity of Pune for supplying ‘Research Grant ‘ for the undertaking â€Å" Transformed based strongly Robust Digital Image Watermarking † in academic twelvemonth 2010-2011.